Destruction of Leviathan by Gustave Doré, 1865 (PD0)

Götterdämmerung über Asgard

(German Edition)

Kampf um Midgard

(German Edition)

Introduction

Cosmic events played a decisive role in turning times. Events in the sky trigger or at least accompany the change of world ages. The legends report terrible upheavals in the sky during momentous events—when the sky bridge Bifrost breaks, the Fenris wolf loosens its chains, the ship of the dead Naglfar approaches or the Sun darkens, when Marduk kills the sky dragon, or Zeus disempowers his father, Kronos.

Such upheavals in prehistory are rooted in the human psyche. Our deep fear of repetition and terror triggered by concretely experienced cosmic processes led humans to elevate celestial bodies, stars, comets and planets to the rank of gods. The Gauls‘ only fear that the sky might fall on their heads (a Gaulish chieftain to Alexander the Great) was more than pompous talk.

In a previous article, I addressed how we can explain the state of our planetary system. In my explanatory model, a dwarf star, surrounded by an accretion disk, passed through the planetary system. Its gravity deformed and tilted the orbits of the planets. The agreement of my calculations with the actual orbit data was good. The maximum deviation was for the planet Venus 2.5%, but the match was much closer in other cases. In this article, I will delve into the primarily quantitative discussion, i.e. executed by celestial mechanical calculations, by consideration of assignable myths.

A brief recap of the previous article on this topic

Fig. A Artistic animation of an accretion disk (rotating mass of gas, dust, particles) around a center of mass (star, black hole). Note the spiral structure and the plasma flares ejected perpendicularly to the disk plane.
NASA (PDUSGOV)

The intruding star (Red Sun) was surrounded by an accretion disk, as shown in Figure A, in which planets were already forming. Plasma flares are ejected from the center of the disk. In the status of forming planets, the overall structure is characterized by concentric rings of higher material concentration. On approaching the Sun, its gravity disturbed the circling, which at this point had already settled within the disk. Chaos emerged, and friction fanned the dark swung-in disk to a gigantic hellfire.

I have put the time of the passage about 40.000 B.C.. The gravitational disturbances of this second sun changed the planetary orbits forever. The hardest hit was the fifth planet, which was shattered by the impact of a planetesimal and in the hail of the accretion disk. Today there is a gap in the distance of this planet, which is populated by the bodies of the asteroid belt. Scanty remains of a formerly large, and in its core, stony ice planet.

For life on Earth, the passage of the alien star marked a caesura. Whole species were extinguished in the course of this cataclysmic event. The currently preferred explanation assumes a pole migration (Laschamps event) as the cause of the great dying. Allegedly, the absence of a protective magnetic field against solar and cosmic radiation was fatal. Without questioning the Laschamps event, I consider the explanation insufficient since several earlier pole migrations did not produce a disaster on this scale. In my model, the heat plunged the climate into chaos and the radiation from its accretion disk sterilized and killed – despite the – in this situation, insufficiently protective – magnetic field. Mankind survived but was set back to a deplorable cultural and civilizational state. Those who survived saw the world and the sky with different eyes. Forever, the event had been deeply engraved in the human psyche. Thus, the event continues to have an effect on people’s actions and thoughts right up to modern times.

Since the passage of the Red Sun affected the whole Earth, we find an assignable wreath of myths that have survived the millennia on all continents. Without – or due to lost – writing and without state structures, myths and religions alone became carriers of the news of the almost-annihilation.

My forthcoming arguments draw on myths that describe the appearance of the strange apparition and the consequences that the survivors had to deal with. I am sure the Red Sun was more than a myth and that it laid the foundation for the belief in heavenly powers and, thus, the foundation for religion.

Judean tradition

I share the view that religions have their origin in cosmic phenomena with Aristotle, who calls the planets the only gods:1

Our forefathers in the most remote ages have handed down to their posterity a tradition, in the form of a myth, that these bodies are gods, and that the divine encloses the whole of nature. The rest of the tradition has been added later in mythical form with a view to the persuasion of the multitude and to its legal and utilitarian expediency;

If this thesis seems possible for the ancient polytheistic religions, then it is plausible that this is also true for today’s monotheistic religions. Not so surprising, considering that they have their origin in the Judean doctrine of salvation, which is nothing else than a syncretic combination of Mesopotamian and Egyptian beliefs.

How can this be proven or at least be justified? The search turns out as an easy task. Let’s start with an ancient legend in the Jewish faith. The stories, which entwine themselves in the Bible, the Apokryphen and in the Torah around the two monsters Leviathan and Behemoth, were, to my understanding, religiously dressed-up descriptions of the Red Sun. The myth about these two monsters is far older than the Bible. Already the etymology of the word ‘Leviathan’ fits my thesis. The name Leviathan is derived from liwjātān, meaning “the winding”. In my model of the Red Sun, it would seem downright trivial if Leviathan was seen as a giant serpent in the sky, and then later it is depicted as such. In fact, the physical description of Leviathan is eerily reminiscent of the appearance of God himself. With this thesis, the bow is struck that the Red Sun manifests itself in the gods‘ genealogy of Ninurta, Marduk, Bel, and finally as Elohim or Yahweh.

Fig. B A depiction of Leviathan on a chalice from a time that pre-dates the times of the biblical forefathers.2 The chalice was found in Samaria and is dated to 2000 to 2300 BC. The relationship to the sky is due to the star seen in the upper right, presumably the Sun.
CCBYSA4.0

In the Book of Enoch in the Apocrypha and the Book of Job, as well as the Revelation of John in the Old Testament, there are several references to a celestial dragon monster. The dragon in the sky, described as serpentine, is too fascinating and strange an image to exist by chance. It reflects something real. Undoubtedly, using the image of a dragon or a giant snake, the appearance of the accretion disk is well met. Also, that the second beast, Behemoth, less present in the ancient news, is represented as a bull is of little surprise. As a representative, an animal was picked, which symbolizes, above all, the plasma flares in the form of its horns. In this interpretation, strange images find a simple explanation. Abyss and/or Abzu is supposedly the birthplace and dwelling place of monsters. The place is mostly understood as primordial water. I am sure the infinite abyss is not so much the world sea but should be understood as the infinite outer space.

What was chosen as a pictorial description under the fresh impression of the apparition gained eschatological significance in later theological exegesis. Perplexity about the meaning of the message led the way to ever more complicated and devious explanations and reinterpretations. A celestial event that would have wiped out mankind by a hair’s breadth became an allegory for threatening the imminent end of the world. As an eschatological way out of the dominance of the beasts, the exegetes saved themselves when they taught that at the end of time, the true God – Yahweh – kills the Leviathan. Solely this way, God assures the world of his uniqueness and fullness of power. Only in this way he does not just represent the avatar of a Red Sun.

Fig. C: Pictorially painted in an eschatological drama of the end times, God kills the ominous serpent, which here dwells not in the depths of space, but in the depths of the world’s sea.3
Destruction of Leviathan by Gustave Doré, 1865 (PD0)

Even later prophecies in the Old Testament use the imagery of the myths about the monsters we have identified as the Red Sun. I suppose the myths – even today’s forgotten ones – about the Red Sun and the cosmogenic struggle associated with it inspired the horror stories in the Apocrypha and even the images in John’s Revelations.

In Isaiah, we read something like: 4

27, 1 In that day,

the Lord will punish with his sword—

his fierce, great and powerful sword—

Leviathan the gliding serpent,

Leviathan the coiling serpent;

he will slay the monster of the sea.

Consistent with our understanding, Jewish tradition as handed down in the Midrash Rabbah (a collection of interpretation of religious texts in rabbinic Judaism) also describes an accretion disk when reporting an end-time battle between the monsters Behemoth and Leviathan by characterizing the two monsters as follows:5

Behemoth will, with its horns, pull Leviathan down and rend it, and Leviathan will, with it fins, pull Behemoth down and pierce it through.

The eschatological exegesis in the biblical-historical discussion (Midrash Rabbah) is not of interest, but the two monsters that reflect the same celestial phenomenon under two names are. Crucially, we again encounter the description of an accretion disk described by the figurative features of horns representing the plasma flares and fins representing the fraying rotating disk.

In a liturgical text (Akdamut Milin), the accretion disk is even more clearly divided into two monsters when it says: 6

Behemoth arches his horns [plasma torch], Leviathan rears his fins [level of accretion disk], but now he puts an end to them both to slaughter, prepare and consecrate them.

A description that fits. The solar wind bends the plasma jet, just as it bends the tail of a comet. The initially flat accretion disk undulates under the oblique gravitational pull of the sun. It frays from the edges and thus becomes steadily smaller.

Confirmation of our model is in what Andrei Orlov presents in his research on the Leviathan in Jewish tradition and religion. Some of his remarks are excerpted here: 7

where the story depicts Leviathan as the one whose “sneezes flash forth light”. The account further conveys that the monster’s “eyes are like the eyelids of the dawn. From its mouth go flaming torches; sparks of fire leap out. Out of its nostrils comes smoke, as from a boiling pot and burning rushes. Its breath kindles coals, and a flame comes out of its mouth.”

…..

For our study of the theophanic symbolism associated with Leviathan, it is also important that Leviathan is closely associated with the symbolism of the primordial serpent ( נחש קדמון ) in some later Jewish traditions.

..

.. when Leviathan “raises his head against the mighty ones … the angels are struck with dread and flee from him in dismay

Theological and eschatological considerations regularly get lost in speculations, which trivially resolve themselves in our model of the accretion disk. For example, what question remains unexplained in the model of the Red Sun, when K. William Whitney states: 8

The “circled” serpent (Ouroboros) is portrayed as surrounding another “axial” serpent ..

The experience of the turmoil in heaven, anchored in the primordial memory and suppressed in the ‘modern’ world, lives on unnoticed in the New Testament. According to the revelations of John, the arrival of the Savior and the beginning of the kingdom of God is preceded by the end of the world with cataclysmic celestial events. With the horror pictures painted, one feels tempted to renounce the coming of Christ. Basically an ancient story, it could be described as a variation of “scenes and figures from the mysteries of Taht-Aan (= Thoth), who was literally Aan (= John), the divine scribe.” Indeed, there is little that is Christian in the Revelation of John. The basic ideas of this book in the New Testament go back thousands of years. This variation of ancient myths applies not only to Revelation but the Bible in general. Both the Old and New Testaments draw in great parts from Egyptian mythology.

On the East Mediterranean coast, not only Jewish tradition and doctrine have preserved the appearance of the Red Sun. The Phoenician writer Sanchoniatho who lived in the same region, reports: 9

The nature then of the dragon and of serpents Tauthus himself (Phoenician Taataus = Egyptian Thot) 10 regarded as divine, and so again after him did the Phoenicians and Egyptians: for this animal was declared by him to be of all reptiles most full of breath, and fiery. In consequence of which it also exerts an unsurpassable swiftness by means of its breath, without feet and hands or any other of the external members by which the other animals make their movements. It also exhibits forms of various shapes, and in its progress makes spiral leaps as swift as it chooses.

A better naturalistic description of a decaying accretion disk is hardly imaginable.

Egypt

The appearance of a Red Sun has found expression as a description in several ancient Egyptian writings. Regarding this subject, the Egyptologist Gerald Massey writes in his book:11

.. it is noticeable that the name of the Apap in Egyptian signifies to mount on high, become tall, vast, gigantic, like the swirling dust and darkness of the sand-storm.

In the Pyramid Texts of Pharaoh Unas (No. 138), as a warning against the wheel of fire, the accretion disk, we also find appropriate descriptions of its appearance: 12

O King Unas, beware of the lake of fire.

..

.. the stays of thy sails and of thy rudder are taut in the wind as thou sailest up the Pool of Fire in the underworld.

I have come from the Pool of Flame.

you make your creations as the ruler of your circle.

..

And in the negative confessions, we read: 13

Hail, thou whose legs are of fire, who comest forth out of the darkness …,

Everything fits again to the appearance of an accretion disk, even in detail, when for example, the sails and taut rods are spoken of. In the pictorial description, the combination of the accretion disk (pool of fire) and plasma jets (rods) has been the inspiration.

The fact that the name of the Egyptian god Ra was written as two concentric circles, sometimes even encircled by a snake, confirms the thesis that in him, we also have the god of the accretion disk.

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamian myths are about a ‘planet’ Nibiru, which once crossed the planetary system and plunged into chaos. The name Nibiru, as it is recorded on cuneiform tablets, gives a first hint about the event and the nature of this celestial body. Here is the translation of a cuneiform tablet after Immanuel Freedmann:14

The brown-red star that divides the sky (towards) the rising of the south wind, after the gods of the night are finished, and stands there, this star is Nēbiru-Marduk

The characterization of Nibiru as a brown-red star provides extensive confirmation for the thesis of the passage of a strange dwarf star. It remains incomprehensible how the classical research against all proofs almost desperately tries to assign the celestial phenomenon Nibiru to a planet or even to the Milky Way.15

The name Nibiru is Sumerian and translated means “planet of the crossing”. In cuneiform, ‘Nibiru’ is consequently written as a cross or winged disk – a fitting icon. In the myth about Nibiru, we meet a remarkable example of an account of a prehistoric catastrophe that was accompanied by, or triggered by, an apparition in the sky.

Myths from Mesopotamia complement and confirm, sometimes even in written form, what Egypt has handed down about the shape and structural changes of the Red Sun. In accordance with the Egyptian descriptions of the god Ra, the Babylonian creation myth Enuma Elish describes the god Marduk as a twisting and circling celestial phenomenon. With these characteristic features, the god Marduk of Enuma Elish fits perfectly into our hypothesis. The congruence of the myths about the god Marduk and the Egyptian god Ra, respectively, at least links these two cultures, 16 or, more likely, the myths report about a real event that affected all of humanity. In either case, both myths refer to the appearance of a Red Sun, just as outlined in my model.

The Babylonian Marduk has his predecessor in the Sumerian god Ninurta. He is also characterized as a sky serpent [accretion disk] with a forked tongue [plasma rays] or as a dragon.

Here is a quotation of some lines that have been handed down in various sources using the same wording: 17

Deluge, tireless serpent (constrictor?) vibrating the rebel land

….

Knight whose awe-inspiring halo blankets the Mountains like a south storm

….

The mouth of a lion: Serpents stretching (their forked) tongues; the wave roars

I am convinced E. A. Wallis Budge is right when he considers, as a certainty, the common origin of the Marduk and the Ra myth and the epic Enuma Elish as the older and better-preserved version. This a plausible assessment because the Egyptian pantheon is by far the more syncretistic and was changed several times in the hierarchy of the gods and their meaning.

Europe

After the appearance of the Red Sun, in Europe, culture and religion developed in a completely different direction. Although the strongest of the Nordic gods, Thor, was assumed to kill the Midgard serpent (Red Sun) at the coming change of times (Ragnarok), here, people not only prayed and developed sophisticated ideas but took precautions. To them, it seemed indicated to arm themselves against the next celestial catastrophe.

A popular belief prevailed, which preserved the memory of the accretion disk almost until our time through rock carvings in the form of concentric circles or as spirals, often supplemented by a shooting-out beam. The horror of the accretion disk was passed on from generation to generation, and the population built shelters quite pragmatically instead of losing themselves in refined rituals and complicated doctrines of faith.

Fig. D View into a duct (in German literature called “Erdstall”) Left: vertical hatch 18 / Right: horizontal slip through19
Erdstall by Josef Weichenberger (1 CCBYSA4.0, 2 GNUFDL1.2)

Only those who had been able to hide from the climatic catastrophe — the heat of the fire wheel, the global sauna with torrents of rain and the subsequent iron cold resulting from a cloudy sky — survived the traverse of the Red Sun. In response and to be protected in case of a recurrence, tunnels and underground chambers were afterwards created everywhere as a precaution. In Germany and Austria, they are called “Erdställe” – ‘Erd’ here means ground, and ‘Stall’ means place. Few have aptly and sufficiently appreciated the tremendous achievement of their construction. Narrow tunnels, with even narrower passages, steps and niches, were sometimes driven more than 100 meters deep into mountains. It remains puzzling why often multi-level passage systems, with slip-throughs, were constructed so narrowly that an adult can hardly squeeze through. To make matters more difficult during subsequent digging, excavated material had to be maneuvered through these narrow passages when driving the tunnel further forward or when even excavating extended niches and chambers. There must have been a reason for this difficulty. The assumption of stupidity as explanation is not really convincing. Where ever the ground was unsuitable for underground construction because it was either too loose or too hard and rocky, artificial mounds were heaped up for shelters or stones were gathered together to form mounds.

The fear of burning in the heat of a fire wheel could have been a sufficiently strong motive for erecting these constructions. Once solidified into a dogma of faith, the construction measures took on a life of their own and were now religiously and culturally anchored, even when no one really knew why anymore.

Such mounds with passages and niches are found in their thousands in Europe. The best known is probably the giant mound of Newgrange in Ireland. Classical archaeology considers these structures to have been used for astronomical observation. It takes a very strong faith or extreme desperation to believe in such things. Instead of someone waiting in a dark passage for a ray of light, it seems much more plausible to me that he hid there, especially when there are cross passages into which neither the sun nor a star can shine, see Figure E.

If there is only one entrance to a tunnel system, this speaks against the thesis that it was a place of escape in case of war. No one retreats into a trap without an escape exit, but he can find shelter there against the rigors of a weather disaster.

It is unknown when these constructions were built. What is known is that they were finally abandoned only during the Middle Ages. For some of them, Heinrich Kusch finds indications for an age of up to 50,000 years. 20 Surprisingly, or more likely not, this date fits to the Laschamp event and to my time estimate for the passage of the Red Sun.

Inside the chambered cairn on the Holm of Papa Westray, Orkney Islands, by hayley green (CCBYSA2.0)

The correlation that the tunnels and mounds have with the Red Sun becomes apparent when these buildings are decorated with rock carvings. In my understanding, it is compelling that the symbol of the accretion disk in the form of circles and spirals appears as the main decoration. Not only as decoration in and at the shelters but from the Shetlands to Malta and from Portugal to Finland, one finds this kind of symbol perpetuated in innumerable rock carvings.

Fig. F Rock carvings in Scotland
Left: prehistoric 22, Cup & Ring rock carvings in Ketley Crag rock shelter by Anne Patterson CCBYSA2.0
Right: recent 23, Cup-and-Ring-Marked Rock by Anne Burgess CCBYSA2.0

It is not only in Central Europe that these constructions exist. In other places, for example, in Malta, unknown persons have left behind the Hypogeum of Hal Saflieni — a prehistoric building that stands out in complexity and scale from the “Erdstall” architecture. 24 In the so-called oracle room, prehistoric frescoes in the form of red spirals are preserved. Here the relation of the building to the traverse and appearance of the Red Sun becomes obvious both in the form and in the color of these signs.

Fig. G Hypogeum in Malta Left: Photo, note the painting with the rings on the ceiling. 25, by Richard Ellis, 1900 PD0 / Right: Model of the hypogeum illustrating its multi-storey, complex structure. 26, by Heiko Gorski CCBYSA3.0

Elsewhere, such as the broch [tower] of Mousa (Shetland Island), comparatively primitive yet similar structures are preserved. Windowless, with extremely thick walls and niches, a bunker is the most discernable explanation of their purpose.

More myths

Michael Rappenglück refers to the motif of the one-legged god. It is a ubiquitous image found worldwide, often supplemented by the reference to something rotating. Rappenglück assigns it to the world tree and the rotating canopy, 28 a rather daring but plain and only weakly substantiated explanation. More appropriate to the description is to assume a rotating accretion disk with its plasma jet whirling from its center into the universe as a template. The one-legged god shows up as a plasma jet. In my understanding, this is a more straightforward interpretation, and it explains, above all, how this motif was established in the first place.

In the Indian Vedas, many cryptic messages can be identified as descriptions of a celestial wheel of fire or at least as an ominous apparition in the sky. In any case, its (Red Sun) appearance and the related events could be attributed to various gods such as Indra, Agni and Rudra, as they seem assignable to the same event.29

Also, the characteristics/weapons of the Indian Vishnu, who is considered as God of the Gods, fit with understanding of a worldwide myth that was handed down through the ages and whose origin I attribute to the Red Sun. Here is a quotation from the ‘Vishnu Purana: Krishna’s pastimes’:30

The cakra (discus), the mace, the Śārṅga bow, the quiver, the conch, and the sword circled Hari clockwise and continued on the path of the sun.

We find the same symbols and devices: the rotating disc, the club, the circling and the traverse in the sky. It is also fitting that Vishnu is described with a lotus flower in his hands. If in other myths from other regions, the plasma beam leads to the image of the one-legged god, in the present Purana text, a flower growing from the center symbolizes the plasma beam.

The most stylized representation of the accretion disk exists in the swastika and in a more complex form in the representation of the Red Sun, 31 also known as the Dark Sun. Our assumption fits the conclusion of Amanda Laoupi. She concludes that the swastika symbol, which dates from the Bronze Age, represents a celestial fire:

Archaeologically, there is a deep relationship between the swastika and fire (the sun, the wheel of creation, the architecture of the cosmos), creation and evolution.

… it is a weapon of the Serpent King (Dragon). …..

The swastika also appears in the myths surrounding the Persian god Mithras.32 Here, too, research locates the origin of the symbol in heaven:

… the swastika was known in Iran as the ‘chariot of Mithra’. … He [Mithra] appears before sunrise and after sunset and touches both ends of the spherical earth, and he observes everything between the earth and the sky ….

Many other myths related to this phenomenon have been handed down from other cultures and regions. There are too many to refer to all of them. Some of them I have already quoted in my previous articles about the ‘Red Sun’, so I will refrain from repeating them.

Conclusion

In view of the data and factual situation, it becomes a near certainty that the planetary system experienced the passage of an alien star in human time. The events that were connected with this event or that grew out of it changed the solar system forever. Not only are the orbits of the planets different today than they were in primordial times, life on Earth suffered a catastrophe that culminated in mass extinctions of species and the near extinction of mankind.

In this other article on the same subject, the astronomical and physical arguments were strengthened by adding references to further myths. In the prehistoric structures, carvings and in ancient reports, the descriptions of an accretion disk are too consistent and too many to relegate them all to the realm of fantasy or coincidence.

Regarding classical explanations, in some cases, asteroids grazing the atmosphere may have been the cause of the described celestial phenomena. However, at the latest, when discs and circular movements are mentioned, no comet or asteroid can have served as a template.

References

1 https://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/03d/-384_-322,_Aristoteles,_13_Metaphysics,_EN.pdf

3 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Destruction_of_Leviathan.png

5 Rabbi H. Freedman and M. Simon, “Midrash Rabbah,” The Soncino Press (London); 4.167

Quoted here from Andrei Orlov; https://www.academia.edu/93349704/Eschatological_Consumption_of_Leviathan_and_Behemoth_as_Revelation_of_the_Messianic_Torah?email_work_card=view-paper; page 263

9 https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10239301_00077.html; chapter Sanchoniatho, page 16

10 http://www.vollmer-mythologie.de/taautus/

11 Gerald Massey, Ancient Egypt: The Light Of The World

12 Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians or Studies in Egyptian Mythology.

13 E. A. Wallis Budge, The Book of the Dead – The Papyrus of Ani; http://www.hermetics.org/pdf/sacred/BookOfDead.pdf

16 Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge, Gods of the Egyptians, pp. 327, 406; Methuen & Co, London (1904).

17 Igor Svyatopolk, https://www.academia.edu/8784907

18 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erdstall_senkrechter_schlupf.jpg

19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erdstall_waagrechter_schlupf.jpg

20 https://www.unterwelt-kusch.com/

21 Sketched from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Plan-of-the-Holm-of-Papa-Westray-South-cairn-showing-location-of-carvings-recorded-during_fig5_344872684

22 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Cup_%5E_Ring_rock_carvings_in_Ketley_Crag_rock_shelter_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2002241.jpg

23 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cup-and-Ring-Marked_Rock_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1272860.jpg

24 https://heritagemalta.mt/explore/hal-saflieni-hypogeum/

25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Malta_Hypogeum_Modell.jpg

26 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_Ellis,_Hal_Saflieni_Hypogeum_(one_of_the_painted_rooms).jpg

27 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broch_of_Mousa

28 Michael Rappenglück in: https://www.academia.edu/30678165/Gazing_at_the_horizon_heavenly_phenomena_and_cultural_preferences_within_northwest_Scotland_See_page_43_of_attached_scanned_book, page 169 ff

29 Amanda Laoupi, https://www.academia.edu/1941933/GODS_IN_HEAVEN_HAVOC_ON_EARTH_ANCIENT_GREEK_AND_SANSKRIT_PARALLELS_OF_COMET_METEOR_GODS

30 Vishnu Purana: Krishna’s Pastimes; 5.37.51-5; page317

31 Amanda Laoupi, The Pelasgian Spiritual Substratum of Bronze Age Mediterranean and Circum-Pontic World; https://issuu.com/alaoupi/docs/-the_spiritual_substratum_of_bronze/35

32 M P. Burillo-Cuadrado, F. Burillo-Mozota; https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/46835/files/texto_completo.pdf

Götterdämmerung über Asgard

(German Edition)

Kampf um Midgard

(German Edition)

Aloys Eiling was born on 2 Oct. 1952 in Reken, Germany. He graduated from Gymnasium with a focus on ancient languages and history. He later went on to study physics and astronomy. He completed his studies with a doctorate in 1981 at the University of Bochum. In his professional career, he worked for 35 years in the chemical industry. After 17 years as a laboratory and department head in Central Research, he managed global Business Units in some major chemical companies. After his retirement in 2016, he published various books using natural science to elucidate his different perspective on prehistory.

9 thoughts on “Leviathan: An Exploration of the Origin of Religions”

  1. Mark H Gaffney says:

    Hello Aloys,

    Thanks for another daring paper. I admire your willingness to stick your neck out, cosmologically speaking.

    I agree with you on some basic points: many of your myths are based on celestial events witnessed by our ancestors. I also agree that the myths that found their way into the Old Testament derived from much older Mesopotamian and Persian myths that themselves derived from older ideas whose true origin we will probably never know. And I agree that our ancestors took refuge from some of these events in caves. Thanks for the photos of the European equivalents to the cave complexes in Turkey and elsewhere.

    However, I think you are reaching in your paper. I do not agree with mainstream science that planetary systems develop from accretion discs. In my view, maverick astrophysicist James McCanney’s alternate plasma model rings much truer. You can find his papers via his website. Our solar system has undoubtedly suffered many extreme disturbance events — that explain the present configuration of the planets and moons. But unraveling this history is a great challenge.

    I think you are reaching with your interpretation of the term “cakra” which insofar as I am aware does not mean “discus” but a center or nexus. The origin of this word probably has nothing to do with heavenly phenomena – but rather from yogic awareness of our human spiritual anatomy. These centers can be experienced in meditation and in higher spiritual states.

    Your discussion about the “swastika” is intriguing. A colleague recently suggested to me that the swirling sun witnessed by 70,000 pilgrims at Fatima in October 1917 resembled a swastika. Well, maybe it did, though I doubt it. Even so, some such heavenly event probably explains the origin of the swastika.

    As for heavenly objects passing through our solar system, I suspect that passing large comets are much more common visitors than passing stars. The passage of a planetary sized comet alone suffices to explain many of the myths that have come down to us, no need to posit a dwarf star. Of course, that too is possible, though much less likely. According to McCanney, comets are not always singular but sometimes appear together at the same time. The passage of an entourage of three or more large comets would make quite an impression on humanity, especially if the entourage passed close to earth. All the best,
    Mark

  2. Aloys Eiling says:

    Hello Mark,
    thank you for your kind comment. I think that in general we agree in our world view, but on the details we disagree. You are right, comets are normality, while the probability for the passage of an alien star through the interior of a solar system is insignificantly different from zero. So actually such an event does not occur at all. But the probability is not zero and actually a bunch of indications, myths as well as the state of the planetary system points to a gravitational disturbance by a traversing alien star. The star I consider is young and the accretion disc a nice add-on. Only this way the structure described in the myths become explicable. In fact, comets – even many of them at once – are orders of magnitude too small in mass.
    See my article
    https://grahamhancock.com/eilinga4/
    Perhaps that you take a second look at it.
    Decisive remains that you and I look for real explanations and not accept unquestionably the truth of official teaching, if they exist at all. In not that rare cases what is called a theory is just story telling. For real progress weird and out-of-the-box thinking is prerequisite. Conspiracy it is called only initially.
    Best regards,
    Aloys

  3. Jadem says:

    What if moment. I read articles that stressed the power of the earth’s magnetism was used on purpose in Africa, (looked like grape vines but they were so intriguing it was thought to be a power source for a type of instrument. I also wonder what would a powered up pyramid do if the geomagnetic defense was their best guess of deflecting cosmic bombardment or is it possibe.

  4. emilio spedicato says:

    Dear dr Eiling,
    thanks for your fascinating and well reasoned paper. Nibiru as a body entering solar system and for some millennia orbiting with a 20 years period is a feature of some my papers, with additional insight by John Ackerman and especially Stuart Harris, whose papers you can find in Academia.Edu. I have two papers published in Russian Space Science academic journals, one dealing with Job’s story, where Behemoth is a disintegrating body leading to end of Indo-Sarasvati, Sistan and Old Kingdom, and Leviathan is the giant tsunami whose approach is serpent-like. They may belong to the papers I sent to you months ago.

    Regards

    Emilio Spedicato

  5. Aloys Eiling says:

    Hello Emilio,
    I hope you don’t mind if I change from ‘Lei’ to ‘Tu’.
    Thank you for your kind comment of my article and the additional information. In particular, I consider the topic of Nibiru extremely interesting, since to my understanding a traversing superheavy object is the only way to explain the state of the planetary system. However, an orbital period of 20 million, which you assume, seems too long to me. Such an object would no more be bound to the Sun, but a vagabonding object and thus it would approach the Sun irregularly. Even more likely only once.
    I have bought the book of John Ackerman, but, alas I must say that I cannot agree with his physics and his model in general. But as I use to say, nothing is so wrong that there isn’t some truth to it. In this case I was fascinated by the reference he gave to the work of Prof. Doglioni about a tectonic equator. Unbeatable brilliant.
    Anyway, it is always good to have non-mainstream ideas being discussed. I apologize, but being a physicist, I can’t agree anymore to a model, if the guardrails of physics are violated.
    For sure, I will have a look at the literature you quote for reference – and I am curious.

    Best regards from Germany,
    Aloys

  6. John Ackerman says:

    Hello Aloys,
    Emilio did not suggest a 20 million year orbit, only 20 years, but even then the problem would be its velocity would be so great at perihelion, there would no opportunity to visit. I realize the difficulty with my idea of an advanced extraterrestrial culture, but that is the only way that one hundred captures and releases of the Aten could have been accomplished. There is nothing wrong with my physics. I post regularly on cycliccatastrophism.org to clarify my views.
    Bests from Venice (FL)
    John

    1. Aloys Eiling says:

      Hello John,

      I’m open to any ideas, but I can’t fathom how a large mass can be regularly captured and then released. If the capture of a heavy object is already energetically a most difficult event, I know of no effect that could provide the energy for a release.
      I understand your model as a proposal to explain the stratification of sediments. And indeed, I lack any conclusive explanation. But still I cannot make friends with your model since it violates a nature law. We need to find a more reasonable solution. To say it right away, the correctness of the law of the conservation of energy is not debatable.
      We don’t must give up but strive for a better arguable model.

      Best regards,
      Aloys

  7. Phineas says:

    “Our deep fear of repetition and terror triggered by concretely experienced cosmic processes led humans to elevate celestial bodies, stars, comets and planets to the rank of gods.”
    Nothing was “elevated” after the fact. The celestial bodies are gods and were gods from the beginning. In fact our deep fear of repetition and terror triggered by concretely experienced and uncontrollable gods have currently caused humans to try to deny the existence of gods. It’s the fear of an entity over which we can have no control. If we confine our experiences to the physical realm, at least categorizing and explaining them gives humans a sense of control.

  8. Karina Jenkins says:

    As developer I found these tools wonderful

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