Chris Jordan wrote:

> I'd go back to Horus god of the sun and then try to work out
> what they added to him. Most of the lines above are related to
> the sun, tho sun of the individual cities seems funny. Rainbows
> and sun go hand in hand, sun on the horizon, sun of the east
> (morning), north (summer), south (winter), sky etc..

Horus the Elder;

...Horus of the Gods
...Horus of Hȝ.t
...Horus of the East
...Horus of the Dȝ.t (duat)
...Horus of Nḫn
...Horus of Nekhen
...Horus of Hierakonpolis
...Horus of the Sky

Horus the Younger;

...Horus of Ssm.t-land
...Horus of the Horizon
...Horus of the South
...Horus of the North
...Horus of Db‘.wt.
...Horus of Letopolis

There is no "horus god of the sun". They did refer to the winter sun rising in the south and in the rising in the east on the equinoxes but when the sun rose on the summer solstice they called it "rising in the center of the sky". In other words they defined everything based on the summer solstice. This eliminates the possibility that "horus of the north" had anything to do with the sun.

"The Dȝ.t" is the geyser so horus was the phenomenon of the geyser. But meaning was in context and each time they used the term "horus" they would use the term related to the meaning. So "Horus of Nḫn" would be used whjen his aqueous qualities were paramount. "Horus of the Sky" was used when his ability to watch over his land was the subject. To understand the use of cities to be identified with the "natural phenomena" (neters)(gods) you have to understand how they used sponsorship to build pyramids. People came from far and wide to work on these and everyone tried to contribute new ideas and new insights into how to build bigger, better, and stronger. When an individual came up with a new device or procedure he was rewarded with a big promotion and the ability to return year after year. When he died his son took over the role or it would revert to the home town of the inventor and would be chosen by lottery or appointment. It was an honor known far and wide for a city to sponsor any such appointment. The city became associated with the specific advancement. This isn't to say that this is the only tie of cities with specific deities but that the tie with specific advancements is confounded with the ties to deities. This means when horus is referred to as "Horus of Letopolis" that this is horus the younger and the advancement created by someone from Letopolis is the subject. The implication is that someone from Letopolis invented some easier means of moving stone on the pyramid. In this case the specific advancement can be seen in context to have something to do with the coordination of movements on the various sides. It was probably something pretty major but to be more specific is just speculation.

"Horus of the gods" is horus the elder from the perspective of the various natural processes that caused or resulted from the phenomenon of the geysers. Horus of the north and south are horus the younger and specific quarries. There was probably no horus of the north at Giza but, perhaps, horus of the south refers to stone from the main quarry at Giza. The main quarry might have been divided N/ S and "Horus of the East" could be the Sphinx quarry. The main reason I have for attributing horus of the east to horus the elder is literary in nature. Context provides no real clue. As I said this is the one attribution in which I have little confidence.

Today we isolate variables in a lab to do experiments and derive all our knowldege from these experiments. Our technology consists of our ability to isolate these same forces and variables outside the lab as machines and new materials. We tend to think of these variables in isolation. We speak of tides in isolation of gravity or automobile mileage in isolation of altitude changes or wind direction. When we think of the acceleration due to gravity we don't ask if the subject is a feather or if it has already achieved terminal velocity. We take nature apart but never really put it back together.

The ancients took nature apart to study it but never lost sight of the fat that nature was an integrated whole. Of course horus was closely associated with the sun because it was while the sun was shining that most of the work on the pyramid transpired. It was dangerous to even be on the plateau at night when the wind slowed;

2110b. ’Iḫ.t-wt.t (this word means CO2 judging by its use in context throughout the PT)(it translates as "risings begetter"), thou art not enveloped by the earth.
2110c. Thy fame is by day; thy fear is by night, as a god, lord of fear.

Horus is anthropomorphized as a falcon and sometimes wears a sun disc.

Where we see nature as disjointed bits and pieces to be broken apart to study, the ancients saw nature as something that was complete but had to be learned a bit at a time. This isn't really a huge difference in perspective but it leads to huge differences in methods and hence to the knowledge gained. But true knowledge is metaphysics and their metaphysics (language) was far superior to our own in its ability to fascilitate understanding. Our metaphysics is so simple it is overlooked so we rarely even know whjat we already know. We rarely can see the forest for the trees.