As I said in an earlier, post, I don't claim to be able to answer for every point of Velikovsky's. But I do appreciate your having listed the points.


If venus is 5000 years old its surface should still be molten, given the density and composition of its atmosphere. [Velikovsky would say that if Venus were billions of years old, it should be much cooler than what we document it to be.]

It takes millions of years of tectonic activity to build mountainous terrain, and venus exhibits tall mountains. [My understanding is that the processes of mountain formation, even on the earth, where we have the luxury of direct study, are not wholly understood. I can't speak for mountain formation on Venus].

Its crust is determined to be at least 500 million years old, as evidenced by impact cratering. [What method was used to determine that date? If the crust were younger or older, how would they know for certain? Velikovsky claims that much of what is perceived as impact cratering on the moon is actually the product of bubbling, caused by the great heat of the close approach of an astronomical body. How would we know if that were true?]

Its orbital eccentricty for such a large mass does not coincide with something that could have had an ecdcentric comet like orbit within the past 5000 years. [It has become clear in recent years that there is much we do NOT know about orbital dynamics and the action of gravity, especially at great distances. I've seen a study that reports that statistically, all of the Apollo launches were affected gravitationally by Sirius and Orion - I'll post the link if I still have it.]

Its chemical composition does not match that of Jupiters, which is more akin to the Sun, than that of earth or venus. Any compounds present in the composition of venus, are found only in trace amounts in the large mass of jupiter. There is also very little hydrogen, and more importantly Helium on venus, compared to the approximately 75 and 25 percent by mass on jupiter. [This could be a difficulty. Velikovsky delves fairly deeply into the chemical interactions that he feels affected Venus, Mars and the Earth. How well do we understand the processes that affect a cooling astronomic body?]

These are just the obvious ones to do with venus.

Can you explain how venus came to be the way that it is, and account for each of these points???


Thanks for posting these -

Laird